Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Resource, Referrals, Research and Support!
What is PMP?
Study of 2298 PMP Patients Post CRS and HIPEC
Early and long-term outcome data on 2,298
patients with Pseudomyxoma Peritonei of appendiceal origin treated by a
strategy of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal
chemotherapy (HIPEC.)
This poster was presented by Terence C. Chua, BSc Med (Hons) MB BS at the 2012 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Session Type and Session Title: General Poster Session C: Cancers of the Colon and Rectum Abstract No:532
Citation:J Clin Oncol 30, 2012 (suppl 4; abstr 532) January 20, 2012
Author(s):
Terence C. Chua, Brendan J. Moran, Paul H. Sugarbaker, Edward Allen Levine, Olivier Glehen, Francois N. Gilly, Dominique Elias, Dario Baratti, Marcello Deraco, Armando Sardi, David L. Morris, Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International; University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; NCG Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Centre, The North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, United Kingdom; Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Istituto Nazionale per la Cura e lo Studio dei Tumori , Milan, Italy; Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
Background: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) originating from an appendiceal mucinous neoplasm remains a biologically heterogeneous disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome and long-term survival after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) consolidated through an International Registry study.
Methods: A retrospective multi-institutional registry was established through collaborative efforts of participating units affiliated with the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI).
Results: 2298 patients from 16 specialized units underwent CRS for PMP. Treatment related mortality was 2% and major operative complication was 24%.
The median survival was 196 months (16.3 years) and the median progression-free survival was 98 months (8.2 years) with a 10- and 15-year survival rate of 63% and 59% respectively.
Multivariate analysis identified prior chemotherapy treatment (P<0.001), PMCA histopathological subtype (P<0.001), major postoperative complication (P=0.008), high PCI (P=0.013), debulking surgery (CCR2/3) (P<0.001), not using HIPEC (P=0.030) as independent predictors for a poorer progression-free survival.
Older age (P=0.006), major postoperative complication (P<0.001), debulking surgery (CCR2/3) (P<0.001), prior chemotherapy treatment (P=0.001) and PMCA histopathological subtype (P<0.001) were independent predictors of a poorer overall survival.
Conclusions: The combined modality strategy for PMP may be performed safely with acceptable morbidity and mortality in a specialized unit setting with 63% of patients surviving beyond 10-years. Minimizing non-definitive operative and systemic chemotherapy treatments prior to definitive cytoreduction may facilitate the feasibility and outcome of this therapy to achieve long-term survival. Optimal cytoreduction achieves the best outcomes.
This poster was presented by Terence C. Chua, BSc Med (Hons) MB BS at the 2012 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Session Type and Session Title: General Poster Session C: Cancers of the Colon and Rectum Abstract No:532
Citation:J Clin Oncol 30, 2012 (suppl 4; abstr 532) January 20, 2012
Author(s):
Terence C. Chua, Brendan J. Moran, Paul H. Sugarbaker, Edward Allen Levine, Olivier Glehen, Francois N. Gilly, Dominique Elias, Dario Baratti, Marcello Deraco, Armando Sardi, David L. Morris, Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International; University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; NCG Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Centre, The North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, United Kingdom; Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Istituto Nazionale per la Cura e lo Studio dei Tumori , Milan, Italy; Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
Background: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) originating from an appendiceal mucinous neoplasm remains a biologically heterogeneous disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome and long-term survival after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) consolidated through an International Registry study.
Methods: A retrospective multi-institutional registry was established through collaborative efforts of participating units affiliated with the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI).
Results: 2298 patients from 16 specialized units underwent CRS for PMP. Treatment related mortality was 2% and major operative complication was 24%.
The median survival was 196 months (16.3 years) and the median progression-free survival was 98 months (8.2 years) with a 10- and 15-year survival rate of 63% and 59% respectively.
Multivariate analysis identified prior chemotherapy treatment (P<0.001), PMCA histopathological subtype (P<0.001), major postoperative complication (P=0.008), high PCI (P=0.013), debulking surgery (CCR2/3) (P<0.001), not using HIPEC (P=0.030) as independent predictors for a poorer progression-free survival.
Older age (P=0.006), major postoperative complication (P<0.001), debulking surgery (CCR2/3) (P<0.001), prior chemotherapy treatment (P=0.001) and PMCA histopathological subtype (P<0.001) were independent predictors of a poorer overall survival.
Conclusions: The combined modality strategy for PMP may be performed safely with acceptable morbidity and mortality in a specialized unit setting with 63% of patients surviving beyond 10-years. Minimizing non-definitive operative and systemic chemotherapy treatments prior to definitive cytoreduction may facilitate the feasibility and outcome of this therapy to achieve long-term survival. Optimal cytoreduction achieves the best outcomes.
PMP Pals Supports WHO Proposal for Uniform Reporting
Mucinous Neoplasms of the Vermiform Appendix, Pseudomyxoma Peritonei, and the new WHO Classification.
.
Abstract
Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix are rare tumors, some of them characterized by an enigmatic discrepancy between a benign morphologic appearance and an aggressive biologic potential, associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality.
The clinical picture of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei is, with few exceptions, caused by mucinous appendiceal neoplasms and differs in many aspects from usual Peritoneal Carcinomatosis.
The controversy regarding terminology, diagnostic criteria, classification and therapy of these tumors has lasted for decades.
The revised edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System proposes a uniform reporting system for mucinous appendiceal neoplasms and the peritoneal disease associated with it, thereby creating a comparable basis for pathological diagnosis, clinical therapy and further scientific studies.”
Source: December 2011. Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Thalkirchner Str. 36, 80337, München, Deutschland
What is Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?
What is "PMP?"
What is the relationship between PMP Cancer and Appendix Cancer?
Resources, Referrals, Research and Support!
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Pseudomyxoma Peritonei is a mucin-producing tumor usually originating from the appendix or ovaries. This is a rare condition in which cells have spread from the appendix or ovaries into the abdominal or peritoneal cavity resulting in mucinous tumor implants.
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei generally develops as a small polyp-like growth, or adenoma, originating with the appendix. Eventually the adenoma breaks or tears through the appendix, spreading mucin or gelatinous ascites, throughout the peritoneum.
The mucin is thick and viscous, often producing large tumors or clusters of tumors. These mucinous tumors of gelatinous ascites, enlarge causing bloating and abdominal distension. If left unchecked, mucinous tumors will eventually cause bowel obstruction.
Due to the viscosity (density and gelatinous nature) of the mucinous tumors, they cannot be removed via paracentesis or liposuction.The mucin must be surgically removed.
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei is also described as an accumulation of mucus within the peritoneal cavity. Mucus secreting cells attach to the peritoneal lining and to organs within the peritoneal cavity and continue to secrete mucus.The mucus may originate from the appendix, (see Appendix Cancer) ruptured ovarian cysts, or from other abdominal tissue.
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei generally remains within the peritoneum or abdominal cavity and rarely spreads via the blood or lymphatic systems.
Appendiceal carcinoid tumors represent approximately fifty per cent of all appendix tumor cases. Carcinoid tumors are usually less than two centimeters in size and rarely spread to lymph nodes.
Appendiceal non-carcinoid tumors originate from the epithelial cells lining the inside of the appendix. These cells create tumors producing mucin (a gelatinous material defined as Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.) These tumor cells and mucin (Pseudomyxoma Peritonei) can accumulate and increase gradually taking more space within the abdominal or peritoneal cavity.
If these mucin producing cells spread outside the appendix and into the peritoneal or abdominal cavity, they can lead to fatal bowel obstruction, if left untreated.
Appendiceal adenocarcinoid tumors and goblet cell carcinomas are similar to both carcinoid and adenocarcinoma tumors of the appendix.
A Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor is a cancer that develops in cells that make hormones in the lining of the the stomach and intestine, occuring in the appendix, rectum or small intestine.
The designation of the Pseudomyxoma Peritonei syndrome is divided into categories as follows:
(1) Mucinous Ascites: acellular mucin within the peritoneum;
(2) Organized mucinous fluid: mucin accumulation as a result of tissue granulation and inflammatory cells;
(3) Disseminated Peritoneal Adenomucinosis aka DPAM: intraperitoneal mucin with epithelium showing low-grade atypia. Accumulation of mucin outside the right lower quadrant of the abdomen may indicate a more favorable prognosis.
DPAM Prognosis
Source: Johns Hopkins University
Excerpt:
Patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei associated with disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis have a significantly more favorable prognosis than patients with peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis.
Source: Ronnett B M; Yan H; Kurman R J; Shmookler B M; Wu L; Sugarbaker P H (Profiled Authors: Brigitte Ronnett; Lee Shu Fune Wu; Robert Kurman) Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA. bronnett@jhmi.edu
Cancer 2001;92(1):85-91.
(4) Mucin accompanied by abundant malignant epithelium, high-grade atypia (Ronnett et al, 1995) is described as Peritoneal Mucinous Carcinomatosis. Mucinous Carcinomatosis indicates a more challenging prognosis compared to the more common pattern of DPAM.
"Pseudomyxoma Peritonei" describes thick mucinous content in the peritoneal cavity, developing from the rupture of a mucocele from the appendix (more common) or from the rupture of a cystic neoplasm originating from an ovary (less common.)
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis includes a variety of tumors that present with extensive metastasis throughout the peritoneal cavity. This description is used in conjunction with cancers and conditions affecting of the appendix, colon, gall bladder, ovaries, mesothelioma, pancreas, Pseudomyxoma Peritonei, rectum, sarcomas, small bowel, and stomach.
Peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis cells are derived from gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. This condition produces copious amounts of mucinous tumor, appearing much like that of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.
Approximately 20% of Appendix cancer cases are categorized as Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma.
This tumor produces mucin that eventually fills the abdominal cavity causing distension, bloating, pain, shortness of breath and interference with digestive and bowel function.
In spite of extensive studies, the cytologic features of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei are still not well defined. Accurate diagnosis of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei requires thorough sampling and investigation by experienced surgeons and pathologists (Ludeman & Shepherd, 2005).
Generally, Pseudomyxoma Peritonei grows at a slower rate than do other malignancies, however the rate at which this disease develops and grows varies with each patient and with their pathology.The abdomen becomes swollen, or distended, as the mucinous tumor cells increase. Gastrointestinal digestive function becomes seriously impaired and can lead to obstruction.
Signet Ring Cell is often a more challenging diagnosis requiring immediate attention.
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The PMP Pals' Network has provided and encouraged awareness about Pseudomyxoma Peritonei, Peritoneal Surface Malignancies and Appendix Cancer since 1998!
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How Does Pseudomyxoma Peritonei develop?
Pseudomyxoma peritonei develops as an adenoma from the appendix. Eventually the adenoma breaks through the appendix wall spreading tumor cells to the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity. These cells produce a thick mucin.
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Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Pathology
Your Pathology Report may identify your diagnosis as any of the following:
- Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
- Mucinous Cystadenoma
- Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
- Cystadenocarcinoma
- MucinousCyst Adenocarcinoma
- Colloid Carcinoma
- Goblet Cell
- Malignant Appendiceal Tumor
- "DPAM" or Disseminated Peritoneal Adenomucinosis
- "PMCA" or Peritoneal Mucinous Carcinomatosis
- Peritoneal Surface Malignancy
- International Codes of Disease Designations
DPAM vs PMP
What's the difference between PMP and DPAM?
Answer provided to the PMP Pals' Network by Dr Brigitte Ronnett:
"The term PMP should be used only as a clinical descriptor for patients who have the syndrome of mucinous ascites accompanied by a characteristic distribution of peritoneal mucinous tumors with the pathologic features of DPAM.
DPAM should be used as a pathologic diagnostic term for patients with the bland peritoneal mucinous tumors associated with ruptured appendiceal mucinous adenomas and PMP.
These patients should not be diagnosed with carcinoma, because they have disease that is distinct pathologically and prognostically from PMCA."
Source:Cancer. 2001 Jul 1;92(1):85-91.
Ronnett BM, Yan H, Kurman RJ, Shmookler BM, Wu L, Sugarbaker PH.
Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA. bronnett@jhmi.edu
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Pictures
What does Pseudomyxoma Peritonei look like?
Where can I see pictures of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?
Advisory: The following full color photos, taken during surgeries for the removal of mucinous tumors, are graphic and may not be suitable for all visitors to this page.
Dr Esquivel and Dr Flores-Ayala remove mucin from a 61 year old patient.Photo courtesy of Dr Jesus Esquivel.
Source: Radiographics
Source: Applied Radiology
Source: trialx.com
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What are the Symptoms of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?
What are the symptoms of "PMP?"
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei syndrome symptoms may include:
pain in the lower right quadrant,
a feeling of "bloating",
abdominal distension,
digestive disturbances, excessive flatulence
loss of appetite, inability to eat a complete meal,
constipation and/or diarrhea, shortness of breath,
appendicitis,
ascites*,
the "appearance" of a "hernia",
ovarian tumors,
infertility
or other vague or acute symptoms.
Appendicitis symptomsmay include:
inflammation,
abdominal pain,
swelling,
vomiting, nausea,
appetite suppression,
constipation or diarrhea,
and fever.
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei symptomsmay appear to be subtle, and therefore, may initially be overlooked or misdiagnosed. It's important for patients, and especially for healthcare providers , to have awareness of these symptoms. Due to an often common physical symptom of what is described as "expanding girth", male patients may initially be mis diagnosed with hernias while female patients may be misdiagnosed as having ovarian cancer. PMP cancer awareness is often overlooked.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome generally progresses slowly over a period of years, producing extensive mucus accumulation within the abdomen, throughout the peritoneal cavity.
Due to the slow progression of this syndrome, the symptoms may be overlooked or mistaken for milder conditions, ie, indigestion or "middle age" weight gain.
The symptom of ascites refers to the accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity and may occur for a variety of conditions including post operative inflammation or to cancer. For Appendix Cancer and Psuedomyxoma Peritonei patients, ascites may appear as a rapid increase in fluid within in abdomen. This condition requires immediate medical attention.
On average, the peritioneal cavity of a healthy adult includes approximately 100 ml. of pale colored, clear fluid. This fluid includes water, proteins, electrolytes and a variety of cell types. The cell types vary according to different pathological conditions. Lymphocytes in the fluid provide cellular, humoral, immunological defense mechanisms. The quantities and features of this fluid may change due to a variety of pathological conditions.
Generally, Pseudomyxoma Peritonei grows at a slower rate than do other malignancies, however the rate at which this disease develops and grows varies with each patient and with their pathology.
The abdomen becomes swollen, or distended, as the mucinous tumor cells increase. Gastrointestinal digestive function becomes seriously impaired and can lead to obstruction.
What Causes Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?
Australian Pal, Marilyn, helps answer your questions!
What is the cause of "PMP?"
How is Pseudomyxoma Peritonei related to Appendiceal Cancer?
What is the survival rate of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei occurs when an adenoma grows within the appendix and occludes the lumen. The appendix ruptures, leaking mucinous epithelial cells into the abdominal cavity.
Sometimes neither the appendix nor a primary appendiceal tumor is apparent during surgical exploration. This finding may indicate that the appendix has previously ruptured.
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei, originating with appendix cancer, does not metastasize via the lymphatics or bloodstream like other gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas.If left untreated, tumor cells and mucin can increase with time, eventually resulting in bowel obstruction, when the areas of the abdominal cavity and pelvis, normally utilized for nutritional function and elimination, eventually become replaced by mucinous tumors.
It is important for healthcare providers to have awareness and recognize the appropriate treatment for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.
How is Pseudomyxoma Peritonei related to Appendiceal Cancer?
What is the survival rate of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei occurs when an adenoma grows within the appendix and occludes the lumen. The appendix ruptures, leaking mucinous epithelial cells into the abdominal cavity.
Sometimes neither the appendix nor a primary appendiceal tumor is apparent during surgical exploration. This finding may indicate that the appendix has previously ruptured.
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei, originating with appendix cancer, does not metastasize via the lymphatics or bloodstream like other gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas.If left untreated, tumor cells and mucin can increase with time, eventually resulting in bowel obstruction, when the areas of the abdominal cavity and pelvis, normally utilized for nutritional function and elimination, eventually become replaced by mucinous tumors.
It is important for healthcare providers to have awareness and recognize the appropriate treatment for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.
How are patients selected for surgery?
This question is frequently asked by newly diagnosed patients and “veteran” patients experiencing a “recurrence of disease.”
Why are some patients accepted for CRS or CRS/HIPEC while others are not?
Is there any truth to the rumors that surgeons “cherry pick” their patients?
Why isn’t every patient a candidate for surgery?
Surgeons refer to the process of evaluating a surgical candidate as “patient selection.”
Many factors are taken into consideration for patient selection.
The success of CRS and HIPEC may be dependent on the:
patient’s overall general health,
complete removal of all tumor tissue,
location of tumor site(s) and
type of tumor (histology and differentiation.)
The following is a very general explanation of how patients are selected as surgical candidates:
1. Preliminary disease criteria
Patients with metastasis to the peritoneum, aka Peritoneal Carcinomatosis.
Patients with disease contained within the abdomen (without metastasis outside the abdomen)
2. Preliminary general health criteria for patient selection
Good overall heath lacking any major co-morbid conditions*.
Age (some surgeons limit the ages of patients they will accept into surgery)
Mental health (coherence, ability to understand instructions, evidence of chemical dependencies, etc.)
Ability to pay for surgery (adequate health insurance coverage or ability to pay out-of-pocket for medical care)
3. Preliminary review of patient medical history
Medical history including surgical history, if applicable, co-morbid conditions* (ie diabetes, lung or heart disease) current medications (prescribed and OTC) allergies and family history
History of present illness including summary of symptoms
Operative reports of previous surgeries
Pathology reports
Record of previous chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments, if applicable, including dates and protocols
4. Extent of disease
Evaluation of CT scans to determine PCI (Peritoneal Cancer Index.)
The PCI helps the surgeon to determine the extent, volume and locations of the disease.
Evaluation of tumor block samples from original surgery(ies) if applicable.
Laparoscopy optional
Biopsy optional
Evaluation of tumor markers and associated lab tests
Physical examination of the patient
Does "PMP" spread through the lymph system?
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei rarely spreads through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
With rare exceptions, Pseudomyxoma Peritonei remains confined within the peritoneum spreading over organs and along the peritoneal lining.
Is Pseudomyxoma Peritonei a Familial Cancer?
What factors, if any, do PMP patients have in common?
When patients are diagnosed with appendiceal cancer and Pseudomyxoma Peritonei, one of the first questions they ask is "what do I have in common with other patients?"
Patients, and their families, are naturally curious about suspected common factors, therefore, in response to these, and other common questions, the PMP Pals' Network focused this year's annual survey on three topics of consideration:
Behavioral factors (use of tobacco, alcohol, diet, etc)
Environmental factors (exposure to chemicals, radiation, H Pylori, etc.)
Familial factors (family histories of bowel/colon diseases, UC, IBS, etc)
Three hundred patients responded to this survey as of July 28, 2011. Patients had the option of answering as many questions as they wanted to. Our software prevented patients from answering the survey more than one time.
This survey was conducted by and for the interest of the members of the PMP Pals' Network and is not intended to substitute for a scientific study. Patients (or their spouse caregivers on their behalf) responded to survey questions anonymously.
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Diagnosis & Pathology
Ken was diagnosed 10 years ago!
How do specialists diagnose Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?
Which tests are used to diagnose Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?
What tests will my doctor order to diagnose PMP?
How is PMP diagnosed?
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei is diagnosed via a variety of tests which may include a combination of physical symptoms, CT scans, tumor markers and pathology/histology. Diagnosis may be suspected based on physical symptoms,scans and lab tests. However, the actual diagnosis is confirmed by pathologists after examination of actual tissue and/or mucin or fluid samples.
Accurate diagnosis of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei requires thorough sampling and investigation by experienced surgical oncologists and pathologists.(Ludeman & Shepherd, 2005).
Due to the rarity of diagnosis, Pseudomyxoma Peritonei has been designated as an "orphan disease."
The average age of diagnosis for the Pseudomyxoma Peritonei syndrome is approximately 44 years of age. As few as several hundred cases are diagnosed in the United States annually, with hundreds more in Europe, Asia, Australia,and Canada. It is possible that, due to a lack of appropriate diagnostics and medical care, fewer cases are diagnosed in South America, Africa and Mexico.
CT Scans (computed tomography) are the preferred scan for monitoring Pseudomyxoma Peritonei. CT scans provide relatively accurate visual, localization and quantification of mucinous tumors. These mucinous tumors may appear as clusters of cystic masses, including calcification rims,scalloping of the liver, thickening of the omentum and compression abdominal organs. CT scans may include the administration of enteric IV ionic or non ionic contrast, oral contrast and rectal contrast. On average, after the contrasts have been administered, the patient spends approximately ten minutes being scanned. Scanned images may be transferred to CD format so that the patient may retain a personal copy of the test(s.)
Additional information about diagnostic tests for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Tumor Markers
Tumor Markers for Monitoring Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
The most common tumor marker tests used to monitor Pseudomyxoma Peritonei are the CEA and the CA 19 9.Your oncologist may order additional tumor marker tests.
Generally, the CEA is used to monitor colorectal, gastric, liver, stomach and pancreatic cancer.
The CA 19-9 is used to monitor colorectal and pancreatic cancer.
The CA 72-4 is use to monitor gastric, pancreatic and stomach cancer.
The EFGR or HER1 is used to assess particular aspects of colon cancer and pancreatic cancer.
What does "tumor grade" mean?
“Tumor grade” describes how much the tumor appears like normal tissue when examined under a microscope. The tumor grade helps physicians predict how quickly the cancer may grow.
G1: well-differentiated tumor cells
G2: moderately differentiated tumor cells
G3: poorly differentiated tumor cell
G4: undifferentiated tumor cells
G1: well-differentiated tumor cells
G2: moderately differentiated tumor cells
G3: poorly differentiated tumor cell
G4: undifferentiated tumor cells
Cancer Staging
Definition of Cancer Staging
Source: American Joint Committee on Cancer
“What is appendix cancer staging?
“How is appendix cancer staged?”
Appendix cancer staging describes:
Where the cancer is located, where it has metastasized and whether it affects other organs.
Staging is determined from a series of diagnostic tests.
Staging helps physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment.
Staging may also be used to assess the patient’s prognosis.
“What does TNM mean?”
TNM is an abbreviation for:
Tumor
Node (lymph nodes)
Metastasis (where the cancer has spread)
Source: American Joint Committee on Cancer
“What is appendix cancer staging?
“How is appendix cancer staged?”
Appendix cancer staging describes:
Where the cancer is located, where it has metastasized and whether it affects other organs.
Staging is determined from a series of diagnostic tests.
Staging helps physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment.
Staging may also be used to assess the patient’s prognosis.
“What does TNM mean?”
TNM is an abbreviation for:
Tumor
Node (lymph nodes)
Metastasis (where the cancer has spread)
How are tumors measured?
Tumors and cysts are generally measured and referred to using the metric system.
A cyst or tumor described as measuring "1 cm" equals approximately 3/8 of an inch.
"I have been recently diagnosed and feel overwhelmed!
Can I talk with another patient who has experienced this and is now doing well?"
The PMP Pals' Network includes a wide variety of fellow patients and family members from all walks of life who are available to share positive and helpful information with you via telephone, email, SKYPE or over a cup of coffee!
Why Wasn't PMP Detected During my Colonoscopy?
BB from the USA asks:
“I had a clear colonoscopy, yet I have Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.
Why wasn’t PMP detected during my colonoscopy?”
PMP Pals responds:
“Nearly all of us “Pals” (including Stage IV) patients have "clean" or "clear" colonoscopies because Pseudomyxoma Peritonei rarely penetrates the colon.
“PMP” can "surround" the colon and obstruct the colon, but those conditions occur from outside the colon, thus are not necessarily visible/detectable via a colonoscopy.
Many of our newly diagnosed Pals exclaim "how can I have cancer when I had a "clear" colonoscopy?" While the colonoscopy detects polyps, inflammation, diverticulitis,etc, it generally does not detect appendiceal cancer or Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.”
Copyright © 2011 by PMP Pals’ Network. All rights reserved.
Articles published by the PMP Pals’ Network and posted on www.pmppals.org are not intended as a substitute for professional medical or legal care. Individuals should seek the counsel of licensed healthcare professionals regarding their own specific needs. Visit us on the web at www.pmppals.org
“I had a clear colonoscopy, yet I have Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.
Why wasn’t PMP detected during my colonoscopy?”
PMP Pals responds:
“Nearly all of us “Pals” (including Stage IV) patients have "clean" or "clear" colonoscopies because Pseudomyxoma Peritonei rarely penetrates the colon.
“PMP” can "surround" the colon and obstruct the colon, but those conditions occur from outside the colon, thus are not necessarily visible/detectable via a colonoscopy.
Many of our newly diagnosed Pals exclaim "how can I have cancer when I had a "clear" colonoscopy?" While the colonoscopy detects polyps, inflammation, diverticulitis,etc, it generally does not detect appendiceal cancer or Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.”
Copyright © 2011 by PMP Pals’ Network. All rights reserved.
Articles published by the PMP Pals’ Network and posted on www.pmppals.org are not intended as a substitute for professional medical or legal care. Individuals should seek the counsel of licensed healthcare professionals regarding their own specific needs. Visit us on the web at www.pmppals.org
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Survivors!
Brian and Linda are PMP Pals!
What is "pseudo" about Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?
"Pseudo" typically refers to "false."
Tumors associated with Pseudomyxoma Peritonei typically do not "behave" like tumors associated with many more common cancers.
Among some of the differences are the following:
"PMP" tumors often include clusters of mucin filled "sacs"
"PMP" tumors typically do not infiltrate/penetrate the gastrointestinal/digestive system organs (ie liver, colon, etc.)
Unlike many other cancers, "PMP" typically does not spread (metastasize) through the lymph or blood systems.
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Therapy and Treatments
'Veterans' of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei therapy!'
How is PMP treated?
What are the treatment options for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?
Is surgery required for treatment?
What is CRS and HIPEC therapy?
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Surgery
Your surgical oncologist specialist will explain and review all treatment options for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei. Your treatment plan will depend on your overall health, the type of tumor (pathology), the quantity (mass) size and location of the tumor, and whether the cancer has metastasized.
Treatment for the Pseudomyxoma Peritonei syndrome, and related diseases, generally includes CRS or cytoreductive surgery, with or without systemic or intraperitoneal heated chemotherapy (HIPEC)
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei surgery (CRS) may include the following:
Removal of the omentum, spleen and gall bladder,
Right hemicolectomy, colectomy, removal of the rectum and sigmoid,
Stripping tumor from the surface of the liver,
Resection of the pancreas,
Gastrectomy (partial or total removal of the stomach,
Stripping the peritoneum from left and right hemidiaphragm;
Pelvic peritonectomy
Surgical complications may include fistulas, hernias, and visceral compression.
Although this procedure may initially sound drastic to the newly diagnosed patient, rarely is resection and/or removal of all of these organs is required.
Each patient's case is unique and most patients live productive and healthy lives following surgery!
Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) may be included at the conclusion of the cytoreductive surgery. HIPEC is administered with the infusion of heated chemotherapy during the last 90 minutes of the CRS procedure. Through HIPEC the surgeon(s) intend to destroy any residual tumor cells that may not have been surgically removed during CRS.
HIPEC or Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy, for the treatment of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei syndrome, may be administered if complete tumor debulking is accomplished through cytoreductive surgery.
The HIPEC treatment includes the infusion of the abdominal cavity with a specific chemotherapy, heated to approximately 40 degrees Celsius for a period of approximately 90 minutes. The purpose of the HIPEC treatment is to attempt to kill any tumor cells which were not removed during the actual surgery process.
HIPEC Video: Intraperitoneal Hyperthermic Perfusion
This video includes graphic scenes of surgery being peformed.
Source:You Tube: Perfusion Network, National Cancer Institute of Milan, Italy
Hyperthermia refers to the high temperature administration of chemotherapy agents. The heating of chemotherapy increases the penetration of into tissues and may be used to damage and destroy cancer cells.
Systemic chemotherapy targets cancer cells throughout the body and is delivered throughout the bloodstream.
Click here to read "Is systemic chemotherapy an appropriate treatment for you?"
Treatment may also include periodic monitoring, commonly referred to as "watch and wait."
What are the treatment options for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?
Is surgery required for treatment?
What is CRS and HIPEC therapy?
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Surgery
Your surgical oncologist specialist will explain and review all treatment options for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei. Your treatment plan will depend on your overall health, the type of tumor (pathology), the quantity (mass) size and location of the tumor, and whether the cancer has metastasized.
Treatment for the Pseudomyxoma Peritonei syndrome, and related diseases, generally includes CRS or cytoreductive surgery, with or without systemic or intraperitoneal heated chemotherapy (HIPEC)
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei surgery (CRS) may include the following:
Removal of the omentum, spleen and gall bladder,
Right hemicolectomy, colectomy, removal of the rectum and sigmoid,
Stripping tumor from the surface of the liver,
Resection of the pancreas,
Gastrectomy (partial or total removal of the stomach,
Stripping the peritoneum from left and right hemidiaphragm;
Pelvic peritonectomy
Surgical complications may include fistulas, hernias, and visceral compression.
Although this procedure may initially sound drastic to the newly diagnosed patient, rarely is resection and/or removal of all of these organs is required.
Each patient's case is unique and most patients live productive and healthy lives following surgery!
Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) may be included at the conclusion of the cytoreductive surgery. HIPEC is administered with the infusion of heated chemotherapy during the last 90 minutes of the CRS procedure. Through HIPEC the surgeon(s) intend to destroy any residual tumor cells that may not have been surgically removed during CRS.
HIPEC or Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy, for the treatment of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei syndrome, may be administered if complete tumor debulking is accomplished through cytoreductive surgery.
The HIPEC treatment includes the infusion of the abdominal cavity with a specific chemotherapy, heated to approximately 40 degrees Celsius for a period of approximately 90 minutes. The purpose of the HIPEC treatment is to attempt to kill any tumor cells which were not removed during the actual surgery process.
HIPEC Video: Intraperitoneal Hyperthermic Perfusion
This video includes graphic scenes of surgery being peformed.
Source:You Tube: Perfusion Network, National Cancer Institute of Milan, Italy
Hyperthermia refers to the high temperature administration of chemotherapy agents. The heating of chemotherapy increases the penetration of into tissues and may be used to damage and destroy cancer cells.
Systemic chemotherapy targets cancer cells throughout the body and is delivered throughout the bloodstream.
Click here to read "Is systemic chemotherapy an appropriate treatment for you?"
Treatment may also include periodic monitoring, commonly referred to as "watch and wait."
Dr Jesus Esquivel congratulates a patient following her successful CRS/HIPEC for the treatment of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.
Questions to ask your Surgical Oncologist About HIPEC
How is HIPEC administered?
Is HIPEC effective for treating Pseudomyxoma Peritonei, Appendix Cancer, Colon Cancer, Gastric Cancer, Peritoneal Carcinomatosis?
Where can I find a Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Clinical Trial?
Currently all American based clinical trials for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei have been completed.
Clinical trials are biomedical research studies that follow a specific protocol and
have guidelines about who can participate. Patients/participants must qualify in order to participate in the clinical trial study.
Pseudomxyoma Peritonei and Treatment Analysis
Prepare to Meet with a Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Specialist
Where can I find a specialist (surgical oncologist) for PMP treatment?
Is there a local specialist for the treatment of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?
Where can I read about successful survivors?
How can I talk with other patient of these specialists?
Early recognition and treatment of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Upfront Compared to Delayed Cytoreductive Surgery and Perioperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Is Associated With Considerably Lower Perioperative Morbidity and Recurrence Rate.
Chua TC, Liauw W, Zhao J, Morris DL.
*UNSW Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, Kogarah, Sydney, Australia. †Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, Sydney, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (PIC) is a recognized management strategy for pseudomyxoma peritonei. We seek to evaluate the outcomes of patients treated upfront with CRS PIC compared to patients undergoing delayed CRS PIC as salvage or treatment for recurrences after initial debulking surgery.
METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients with low-grade pseudomyxoma peritonei treated within our institution were stratified according to upfront versus delayed CRS PIC after intial debulking surgery. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.
RESULTS: Of 83 patients treated, 35 patients (42%) underwent upfront and 48 patients (58%) underwent delayed CRS PIC. The peritoneal cancer index (P = 0.048), amount of blood transfusion intraoperatively (P = 0.003) and duration of operation (P = 0.007) was lesser in the upfront compared to delayed group. Upfront treatment confers 5-year recurrence-free survival benefit (77% vs 37%; P = 0.011) and 10-year overall survival benefit (67% vs 35%; P = 0.054) over delayed treatment.
CONCLUSION: Upfront CRS PIC seems to confer beneficial perioperative outcomes and lower recurrence rates over delayed CRS PIC. Early referral to centralized treatment centers would seem to be a reasonable strategy to improve outcomes.
Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology, Jan 13, 2011
International listing of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei treatment articles and abstracts
[Treatment of pseudomyxoma peritonei is developing]
Lepistö A, Osterlund P, Järvinen HJ.
Duodecim. 2010;126(14):1693-9. Finnish. PMID: 20804088 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Toward curative treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from nonovarian origin by cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a multi-institutional study of 1290 patients.
Glehen O, Gilly FN, Boutitie F, Bereder JM, Quenet F, Sideris L, Mansvelt B, Lorimier G, Msika S, Elias D; the French Surgical Association.
Cancer. 2010 Aug 24. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20737573 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Secondary Cytoreduction and Perioperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy after Initial Debulking of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: A Study of Timing and the Impact of Malignant Dedifferentiation.
Chua TC, Al-Zahrani A, Saxena A, Liauw W, Zhao J, Morris DL.
J Am Coll Surg. 2010 Aug 20. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20729102 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
[Prospective study of quality of life after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy using oxaliplatin for peritoneal carcinomatosis.]
Lim C, Tordjmann D, Gornet JM, Nemeth J, Valleur P, Pocard M.
Bull Cancer. 2010 Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print] French. PMID: 20693116 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Primary peritonectomy/HIPEC for disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis achieves much lower recurrence rates and better survival than secondary procedures.
Zhu KJ, Morris DL.
Surgeon. 2009 Dec;7(6):345-50.PMID: 20681377 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Mucinous adenocarcinomas with intra-abdominal dissemination: a review of current therapy.
Winder T, Lenz HJ.
Oncologist. 2010;15(8):836-44. Epub 2010 Jul 23.PMID: 20656916 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
[Prognostic factors and reproductive outcomes of borderline ovarian tumors: a review of 186 patients]
Tao T, Cao DY, Yang JX, Huang HF, Wu M, Pan LY, Lang JH, Guo LN, Shen K.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2010 May 18;90(19):1304-8. Chinese. PMID: 20646576 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 19-2010. A 35-year-old man with adenocarcinoma of the cecum.
Ryan DP, Engelman JA, Ferrone CR, Sahani DV, Lisovsky M.
N Engl J Med. 2010 Jun 24;362(25):2411-9. No abstract available. PMID: 20573930 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Mesenteric cyst: report of a case-resulting in pseudomyxoma peritonei.
Zappa L, Sugarbaker PH.
Tumori. 2010 Mar-Apr;96(2):332-5.PMID: 20572595 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
[Peritoneal carcinosis can have as good a prognosis as primary colonic cancer, and should be managed according to evidence-based practice]
Graf W, Mahteme H.
Lakartidningen. 2010 May 12-25;107(19-20):1320. Swedish. No abstract available. PMID: 20556987 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Treatment Research Articles by Dr Paul H Sugarbaker
1. Sugarbaker PH. Twenty-three years of progress in the management of a rare disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011 Mar;54(3):265-6. PubMed PMID: 21304294.
2. Ortega-Deballon P, Glehen O, Levine E, Piso P, Sugarbaker PH, Hayes-Jordan A, Facy A, Bakrin N, Rat P. Childbearing After Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: Results From an International Survey. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011 Feb 11. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 21311981.
3. Sugarbaker PH. Evolution of cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis: are there treatment alternatives? Am J Surg. 2011 Feb;201(2):157-9. Epub 2010 Sep 26. PubMed PMID: 20870209.
4. Catena F, Di Saverio S, Kelly MD, Biffl WL, Ansaloni L, Mandalà V, Velmahos GC, Sartelli M, Tugnoli G, Lupo M, Mandalà S, Pinna AD, Sugarbaker PH, Van Goor H, Moore EE, Jeekel J. Bologna Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction (ASBO): 2010 Evidence-Based Guidelines of the World Society of Emergency Surgery. World J Emerg Surg. 2011 Jan 21;6:5. PubMed PMID: 21255429; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3037327.
5. Chua TC, Yan TD, Deraco M, Glehen O, Moran BJ, Sugarbaker PH; Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group. Multi-institutional experience of diffuse intra-abdominal multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma. Br J Surg. 2011 Jan;98(1):60-4. doi: 10.1002/bjs.7263. Epub 2010 Sep 24. PubMed PMID: 20872843.
6. Ansaloni L, Andersson RE, Bazzoli F, Catena F, Cennamo V, Di Saverio S, Fuccio L, Jeekel H, Leppäniemi A, Moore E, Pinna AD, Pisano M, Repici A, Sugarbaker PH, Tuech JJ. Guidelenines in the management of obstructing cancer of the left colon: consensus conference of the world society of emergency surgery (WSES) and peritoneum and surgery (PnS) society. World J Emerg Surg. 2010 Dec 28;5:29. PubMed PMID: 21189148; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3022691.
7. Van der Speeten K, Stuart OA, Mahteme H, Sugarbaker PH. Pharmacology of perioperative 5-fluorouracil. J Surg Oncol. 2010 Dec 1;102(7):730-5. doi: 10.1002/jso.21702. PubMed PMID: 21104923.
8. Yan TD, Deraco M, Elias D, Glehen O, Levine EA, Moran BJ, Morris DL, Chua TC, Piso P, Sugarbaker PH; Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group. A novel tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma using outcome analysis of a multi-institutional database*. Cancer. 2010 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 21089100.
9. Esquivel J, Chua TC, Stojadinovic A, Melero JT, Levine EA, Gutman M, Howard R, Piso P, Nissan A, Gomez-Portilla A, Gonzalez-Bayon L, Gonzalez-Moreno S, Shen P, Stewart JH, Sugarbaker PH, Barone RM, Hoefer R, Morris DL, Sardi A, Sticca RP. Accuracy and clinical relevance of computed tomography scan interpretation of peritoneal cancer index in colorectal cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis: a multi-institutional study. J Surg Oncol. 2010 Nov 1;102(6):565-70. PubMed PMID: 20976729.
10. Sugarbaker PH, Bijelic L, Chang D, Yoo D. Neoadjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy in 34 consecutive patients with mucinous peritoneal carcinomatosis of appendiceal origin. J Surg Oncol. 2010 Nov 1;102(6):576-81. PubMed PMID: 20737420.
11. Van der Speeten K, Stuart OA, Chang D, Mahteme H, Sugarbaker PH. Changes induced by surgical and clinical factors in the pharmacology of intraperitoneal mitomycin C in 145 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2010 Sep 21. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20857115.
12. Sugarbaker PH. Revised guidelines for second-look surgery in patients with colon and rectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol. 2010 Sep;12(9):621-8. PubMed PMID: 20851803.
13. Sugarbaker PH. Surgical responsibilities in the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis. J Surg Oncol. 2010 Jun 15;101(8):713-24. Review. PubMed PMID: 20512948.
14. Sugarbaker PH. Five Reasons why cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy must be regarded as the new standard of care for diffuse malignant peritoneal. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010 Jun;17(6):1710-2; author reply 1713-4. PubMed PMID: 20354799.
15. Zappa L, Savady R, Sugarbaker PH. Gastric perforation following cytoreductive surgery with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol. 2010 Jun 1;101(7):634-6. PubMed PMID: 20461773.
16. Sugarbaker PH. Pont hepatique (hepatic bridge), an important anatomic structure in cytoreductive surgery. J Surg Oncol. 2010 Mar 1;101(3):251-2. PubMed PMID: 20082353.
17. Zappa L, Sugarbaker PH. Mesenteric cyst: report of a case-resulting in pseudomyxoma peritonei. Tumori. 2010 Mar-Apr;96(2):332-5. PubMed PMID: 20572595.
Cytoreductive Surgery in Conjunction with HIPEC
Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) in conjunction with HIPEC is the most common protocol for the treatment of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.
CRS (Cytoreductive Surgery) in conjunction with HIPEC:
Articles and Abstracts
Study of 300+ Patients Treated with CRS and PIC
Abstract of a study of 300+ Pseudomyxoma Peritonei patients treated with cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Describes "gold standard " of treatment.
Source: Elias D, Gilly F, Quenet F, Bereder JM, Sidéris L, Mansvelt B, Lorimier G, Glehen O; the Association Française de Chirurgie.
Department of Oncologic Surgery, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cédex, France March 2010
Radiofrequency Ablation for Treatment of Unresectable Colorectal Pulmonary Metastes
Radiofrequency ablation as an adjunct to systemic chemotherapy for colorectal pulmonary metastases. Radiofrequency ablation for colorectal pulmonary metastases represents a step forward towards a nonsurgical option of combining systemic and local treatment for metastatic disease and is a safe treatment with a low risk profile.
Terence C. Chua, BScMed (Hons), MBBS 1, Kelly Thornbury, BMed 1, Akshat Saxena, BMedSc 1, Winston Liauw, MBBS, M Med Sci 2, Derek Glenn, MBBS 3, Jing Zhao, MD 1, David L. Morris, MD, PhD 1 *
1Department of Surgery, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
2Cancer Care Center, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
3Department of Radiology, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Source: AMC Feb 2010
Treatment of Peritoneal Malignancies, including Pseudomyxoma Peritonei with CRS and HIPEC
CONCLUSION: It is important to recognize the role of and indications for CRS and HIPEC. Biologic factors of the disease and completeness of resection are important prognostic factors. Cytoreductive surgery, combined with intraperitoneal chemotherapy, can improve survival in selected patients with peritoneal-based malignancies.
Source:Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre of Singapore, Singapore 2010
Study of 523 Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Cases: CRS and IPC
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology,2010
12 Year Study of CRS and HIPEC for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Treatment
Source: In Vivo, 2009
Morbidity and Mortality: Study of HIPEC and CRS for Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source: Annals of Surgery, Feb 2009, Dr David Morris, Dr Tristan Yan
CRS with HIPEC have improved quality and quantity of life for patients
Source:Dr Brian Loggie, 2007
HIPEC: Complexity
Source: Dr David L Bartlett,Journal of Surgical Oncology
Twelve year study of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Treatment with CRS and HIPEC
Source: San Giuseppe Hospital, June 2009
Pleural Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Treatment with Thoracic CRS and HIPEC
Source: University of New South Wales, Australia, 2009
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Treatment with CRS and HIPEC
Source: Universite de Montreal, Canada, 2009
HIPEC Treatment provided at St Agnes
Source: Dr Jesus Esquivel
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Treatment with Cytoreductive Surgery and HIPEC
Source: British Journal of Surgery, Aug 2008
Tailgut Cyst: An Unusual Case of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Source: Tumori, Dr Paul H Sugarbaker, 2009
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Treatment with Chemo Hyperthermic Perfusion(CHPP)
Source: Pub Med 2009
CRS and HIPEC for Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source: Annuals of Surgical Oncology, 2008
International Consensus of PSMG for CRS and HIPEC
Source: Springerlink, Oct 2006
Clinical Trials and Research to Find a Cure for PMP
Who specializes in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei cure research?
How can I support Appendix Cancer research?
Where can I send donations to support research for treatment and a cure of PMP?
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei and Employment
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei and Pregnancy
During rare occasions, Pseudomyxoma Peritonei is discovered during pregnancy, in particular, during delivery.
Successful in vitro fertilzation and pregnancy
Source: Journal of Human Reproduction, 2008
Management of Appendix Cancer and Pseudomyxoma Peritoni during pregnancy
Source: Dr Paul Sugarbaker, 2009
Effects of Appendix Cancer and Pseudomyxoma YC, 2009
Appendix Cancer Pseudomyxoma Peritonei discovered during Cesarean Section
Source: University of Tennessee, 2009
Articles by Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Cancer Specialists
Click here for names and contact info for surgeons and specialists.
We provide the following listing of abstracts and articles, published by, and/or written about the world's most experienced international surgeons and specialists in the treatment and research of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei, and Appendix Cancer. The full titles of some abstracts have been abbreviated due to space limitations.
Articles by Dr SA Ahrendt, USA
CRS and HIPEC for Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Colorectal Cancer Patient with Liver Metastasis: Study of 57 Patients
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008
CRS and HIPEC for Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology, 2008
CRS and HIPEC for Treatment of Colorectal Carcinomatosis
Source: Annals of Surgial Oncology, Nov 2008
Articles by Dr Fernando Arias, Colombia
Sleeve Gastrectomy
Source: Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogota
Abstracts by Dr Mario Baratti, Italy
Pseudomyxoma Peritone iBiological Features Are the Dominant Prognostic Determinants After Complete Cytoreduction and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Source: Annals of Surgery, Dr Marcello Deraco, Dr Baratti, 2009
Articles by Dr David L Bartlett, USA
CRS and HIPEC for Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Colorectal Cancer Patient with Liver Metastasis: Study of 57 Patients
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008
CRS and HIPEC for Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source: Anuals of Surgical Oncology, 2008
HIPEC: The Complexity of Clinical Trials
Source: Dr David L Bartlett, UPMC, Society of Surgical Oncology 2008
Dr David L Bartlett, Dr James Pingpank, Dr Steven Ahrendt
Source: Koch Cancer Treatment Center, UPMC
Profile for Dr David L Bartlett
Source: UPMC
Dr David L Bartlett: Koch Cancer Center
Source: UPMC
Dr David L Bartlett: Treatment of Liver Cancer
Source: UPMC Koch Cancer Center
Articles by Dr Jean Bereder, France
Study of 300+ Patients Treated with CRS and PIC
Abstract of a study of 300+ Pseudomyxoma Peritonei patients treated with cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Describes "gold standard " of treatment.
Source: Elias D, Gilly F, Quenet F, Bereder JM, Sidéris L, Mansvelt B, Lorimier G, Glehen O; the Association Française de Chirurgie.
Department of Oncologic Surgery, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cédex, France March 2010
Study of 523 Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Cases: CRS and IPC
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology,2010
Articles by Dr Wim Ceelen, Belgium
Dr Wim P Ceelen treats Pseudomyxoma Peritonei with HIPEC www.surgery.ugent.be
Articles by Dr Marcello Deraco, Italy
Pseudomyxoma PeritoneiBiological Features Are the Dominant Prognostic Determinants After Complete Cytoreduction and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Source: Annals of Surgery, Dr Marcello Deraco, Dr Baratti, 2009
HIPEC Treatment: Dott. Marcello Deraco: Pseudomyxoma Peritonei and Appendix Cancer
Source: Dott. Marcello Deraco
Articles by Dr D Elias, France
Study of 523 Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Cases: CRS and IPC
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology,2010
Articles by Dr Jesus Esquivel, USA
Learning Curve for CRS and HIPEC
Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology, August 2009
Laparoscopic CRS and HIPEC Treatment for Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Source: Dr Jesus Esquivel, 2009
HIPEC Treatment available at St Agnes Hospital
Source: Dr Jesus Esquivel
Pros and Cons of HIPEC: Dr Jesus Esquivel
Source: Oncology Times, Jan 2007
Physician Profile for Dr Jesus Esquivel
Source: St Agnes Hospital
Dr Jesus Esquivel:St Agnes Hospital
Source: St Agnes Hospital
Articles by Dr Jan Franko, USA
CRS and HIPEC for Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Colorectal Cancer Patient with Liver Metastasis: Study of 57 Patients
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008
CRS and HIPEC for Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology, 2008
CRS and HIPEC for Treatment of Colorectal Carcinomatosis
Source: Annals of Surgial Oncology, Nov 2008
Click here to read Dr Jan Franko's profile
Source: Mercy Medical Center
Articles by Dr Gilly, France
Study of 300+ Patients Treated with CRS and PIC :
Abstract of a study of 300+ Pseudomyxoma Peritonei patients treated with cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Describes "gold standard " of treatment.
Source: Elias D, Gilly F, Quenet F, Bereder JM, Sidéris L, Mansvelt B, Lorimier G, Glehen O; the Association Française de Chirurgie.
Department of Oncologic Surgery, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cédex, France March 2010
Study of 523 Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Cases: CRS and IPC
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology,2010
Articles by Dr Matthew Holtzman, USA
CRS and HIPEC for Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Colorectal Cancer Patient with Liver Metastasis: Study of 57 Patients
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008
Articles by Dr Joachim Jahne, Germany
CRS:Stategies to Reduce Post Op Morbidity and Complications
Source: Dr Joachim Jahne, April 2009
Articles by Dr Santiago Gonzalez-Moreno, Spain
Patient Selection for CRS and HIPEC
Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology 2009
Articles by Dr Martin Goodman, USA
Dr Martin Goodman at Tufts University provides HIPEC
Source: Tufts University, Boston
Articles by Dr Matthew Holtzman, USA
CRS and HIPEC for Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology, 2008
CRS and HIPEC for Treatment of Colorectal Carcinomatosis
Source: Annals of Surgial Oncology, Nov 2008
Articles by Dr Laura Lambert, USA
CRS and Perioperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Colorectal Carcinomatosis:
Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology. 2007, Lambert, Laura A. and Paul F. Mansfield.
See: http://www.annalssurgicaloncology.org/cgi/content/full/14/11/3037
Articles by Dr Edward Levine, USA
CRS and HIPEC for the Treatment of Peritoneal Dissemination of Appendiceal and Colorectal Neoplasms
Source: Dr Edward Levine, ASCO 2008
“Appendiceal Carcinoma with Peritoneal Dissemination: Outcomes for the Best of the Best.”
Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology,2007, Dr Edward Levine, WFU
Survival Study for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: DPAM, PMCA, PMCA 1
Source: Dr Edward Levine, American Journal of Surgical Pathology, May 2006
DPAM and HIPEC Treatment
Source: Wake Forest University
Articles by Dr Brian W Loggie, USA
CRS with HIPEC have improved quality and quantity of life for patients
Source:Dr Brian Loggie, 2007
Cox II expression in patients with Pseudomyxoma Peritonei and Disseminated Peritoneal Adenomucinosis
Source: Dr Brian Loggie
Articles referring to Dr Brian Loggie's patients
Source: PMP Pals' Network
Articles by Dr Andrew Lowy, USA
Minimally Invasive Laparoscopic Treatment of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Source: UCSD, Dr Andrew Lowy, 2009
Dr Andrew Lowy:Moores Cancer Center
Source: UCSD
Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Source: Dr Andrew Lowy UCSD
Articles by Dr Paul Mansfield, USA
Profile for Dr Paul Mansfield
Source: MD Anderson
CRS and HIPEC for the Treatment of Peritoneal Dissemination of Appendiceal and Colorectal Neoplasms
Source: Dr Paul Mansfield, ASCO 2008
CRS and Perioperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Colorectal Carcinomatosis:
Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology. 2007, Lambert, Laura A. and Paul F. Mansfield.
See: http://www.annalssurgicaloncology.org/cgi/content/full/14/11/3037
Laparoscopic Staging for Gastric Cancer
Source: Dr Paul Mansfield, MDACC, Annals of Surgical Oncology, 2001
Laparoscopy for Surgical Oncology
Source: MDACC
Articles by Dr Brendan J Moran, United Kingdom
CRS and HIPEC for the Treatment of Patients age 30-77 years
Source: North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke UK, 2007
Articles by Prof David L Morris, Australia
Radiofrequency Ablation for Treatment of Unresectable Colorectal Pulmonary Metastes
Radiofrequency ablation as an adjunct to systemic chemotherapy for colorectal pulmonary metastases. Radiofrequency ablation for colorectal pulmonary metastases represents a step forward towards a nonsurgical option of combining systemic and local treatment for metastatic disease and is a safe treatment with a low risk profile.
Source: David L. Morris, MD, PhD 2009
Morbidity and Mortality: Study of HIPEC and CRS for Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source: Annals of Surgery, Feb 2009, Dr David Morris, Dr Tristan Yan
DPAM: Peritonectomy Improves Survival
Source Prof David L Morris, 2009
Assessment of risk factors following CRS and chemotherapy
Source: Dr David L Morris, Dr Tristan Yan, 2009Cost effectiveness of treatment with CRS and HIPEC
Source: Dr David L Morris, Dr Tristan Yan, Dec 2009
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Long Term Survival (10 year study)
Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology, 2009, Prof David L Morris, St George Hospital,Univ of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AU
Long-term survival in patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei treated with cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy: 10 years of experience.
This report demonstrates long-term survival outcomes, acceptable perioperative outcomes, and a learning curve associated with the treatment of patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei.
In vivo model for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei research
Source: Prof David L Morris, Sydney Australia, 2009
Articles by Dr Stefaan Mulier, Belgium
Dr Stefaan Mulier provides HIPEC treatment for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei and Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source: Leopold Park Clinic in Brussels
Articles by Dr Herwart Mueller, German
CRS for Senior Patients
Source: Dr Herwart Mueller, Germany
Articles by Dr Garrett M Nash USA
Laparoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies including Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Source: Memorial Sloan Kettering, NY
Articles by Dr Haydee Ojeda-Fournier, USA
Diagnostic Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer
Source: Dr Haydee Ojeda-Fournier, UCSD
Articles by Dr Evan Ong, USA
Greenstein SM, Delrio M, Ong E, Feuerstein D, Schechner R, Kim D, Corey H, Kaskel R, Tellis VA, Moritz ML. Plasmapheresis treatment for recurrent focal sclerosis in pediatric renal allografts. Pediatr Nephrol. 2000; 14 (12):1061-5. Babcock TA, Novak T, Ong E, Jho DH, Helton WS, Espat NJ. Modulation of LPS-stimulated macrophage TNF production by ω-3 fatty acid is associated with differential cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme translation and is independent of interleukin-10 (IL-10). Journal of Surgical Research 2002 Sep; 107 (1):135 Ong E, Helton WS, Espat NJ.Operative Experience of U.S. General Surgery Residents: Liver and Pancreas 1989-2001.Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2003 Feb;7(2):311 Ong E, Gao XP, Xu N, Predescu D, Rahman A, Broman MT, Jho DH, Malik AB. E. coli Pneumonia Induces CD-18 Independent Airway Neutrophil Transalveolar Migration In the Absence of Increased Lung Vascular Permeability. American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 2003 Oct;285(4):L879-88 Espat NJ, Ong E, Helton WS, Nyhus LM. 1990-2001 U.S. General Surgery Chief Resident Gastric Surgery operative Experience: Analysis of Paradigm Shift. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2004 May-Jun;8(4):471-8 Ong E,Gao XP, Predescu D, Broman M, Malik AB. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Regulation of Neutrophil Extravasation: Role in Lung Inflammation. American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 2005 December; 289 (6): L1094-103. Ong E, Jho D, Helton WS, Espat NJ. Surgisis®-assisted Delayed Repair of a Complex Bile Duct Injury after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2006 February; 10(2): 202-6. Sharif S, Broman M, Babcock T, Ong E, Jho D, Rudnicki M, Helton WS, Espat NJ. A Priori Dietary {Omega}-3 Lipid Supplementation Results in Local Pancreatic Macrophage and Pulmonary Inflammatory Response Attenuation in a Model of Experimental Acute Edematous Pancreatitis (AEP). Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 2006 July-August; 30(4): 271-6. Jho DH, Jho DJ, Chejfec G, Ahn M, Ong E, Espat NJ. Primary biliary B-cell lymphoma of the cystic duct causing obstructive jaundice. The American Surgeon. 2007 May; 73(5): 508-10. Ong EAlassas M, Bullard Dunn KM, Rajput A. Colorectal Cancer Surgery in the Elderly: Acceptable Morbidity? American Journal of Surgery. 2008 Mar; 195(3):344-8; discussion 348. Brovkovych V, Gao XP, Ong E,Brovkovych S, Brennan ML, Su X, Hazen SL, Malik AB, Skidgel RA. Augmented iNOS Expression and Increased NO Production Reduce Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury and Mortality in Myeloperoxidase-Null Mice. American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 2008 Jul;295(1):L96-103. Ong E, Alassas M, Bogner PN, Bullard Dunn KM, Chey WY, Gibbs J. Total Gastrectomy for Gastric Dysplasia in a patient with Attenuated Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008 Jul 20;26(21):3641-2.
Articles by Dr Gloria Ortega-Perez, Spain
Patient Selection for CRS and HIPEC
Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology 2009
Articles by Dr James Pingpank, USA
Peritoneal Carcinomatois Clinical Trials Study
Source: NIH, Dr James Pingpank, Feb 2009
Articles by Prof Pompiliu Piso, Germany
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Treatment (Study) with Tumor Honing Peptides
Source: Dept of Radiology, Germany 2009
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Prognosis following treatment with surgery and HIPEC
Source: Prof P Piso, 2009
CRS and HIPEC for the Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source: Prof Pompiliu Piso, 3rd Annual Symposium, 2008
HIPEC Study with laboratory rats
Source: Deutscher Krebskongress, 2004
Articles by Dr B Ronnett, USA
CRS and HIPEC for the Treatment of Peritoneal Dissemination of Appendiceal and Colorectal Neoplasms
Source: Dr Edward Levine, ASCO 2008
DPAM Long Term Survival
Source: Dr BM Ronnett, Dr Paul H Sugarbaker, 2009
Articles by Dr Armando Sardi, USA
CRS and HIPEC offer longterm survival for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of disseminated Appendiceal tumor origin
Source: Dr Armando Sardi, Mercy Med Center, Journal of American College of Surgeons, Sept 2009
Published abstracts by Dr Armando Sardi
Source: Mercy Medical Center
Steps to Prepare for Surgery
Source: Mercy Medical Center
Curriculum Vitae for Dr Armando Sardi
Source: Mercy Medical Center
Profile for Dr Armando Sardi
Source: Mercy Medical Center
Articles by Dr Perry Shen, USA
Dr Perry Shen at WFU provides HIPEC
Source: Wake Forest University
Articles by Dr Paul H Sugarbaker, USA
Surgical Responsibilities in the Management of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source: Dr Paul H Sugarbaker, June 2010, Pub Med
Mesenteric Cyst resulting in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Source: Dr Paul H Sugarbaker, 2010
Tailgut Cyst: An Unusual Case of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Source: Tumori, Dr Paul H Sugarbaker, 2009
Epithelial appendiceal neoplasms (abstract with availability to purchase article in full)
Source: The Cancer Journal, 2009
Epithelial appendiceal neoplasms: report reviews 900 cases treated at the Washington Hospital Center
Source: Dr Paul H Sugarbaker, Cancer Journal, May 2009
DPAM Long Term Survival
Source: Dr BM Ronnett, Dr Paul H Sugarbaker, 2009
Management of mucinous urachal neoplasm presenting as Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Source: Dr Paul H Sugarbaker, 2008
Failure Analysis of Recurrent Disease Following CRS and IPC for Colorectal Cancer with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source: Dr Paul H Sugarbaker, Dr Tristan Yan, 2007
Treatment of Peritoneal Surface Malignancy
Source: Dr Paul H Sugarbaker, Dr Tristan Yan, Journal of Transistional Medicine, 2006
Cytoreductive Surgery (includes graphic illustrations) Source: Dr Paul H Sugarbaker
Indications for use of CRS and HIPEC
Source: Dr Paul H Sugarbaker
Appendix Cancer Prognosis
Source: Dr Paul H Sugarbaker, Washington Hospital Center
Prognostic indicators for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis originating with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma
Source: Dr Paul H Sugarbaker, 2005
Atlas of Appendix Cancer(includes graphic illustrations)
Source: Dr Paul H Sugarbaker
Articles referring to Dr Paul Sugarbaker and his patients
Source: PMP Pals' Network
Articles by Dr V J Verwaal,Holland
Population Based Study of Appendiceal Neoplasms and Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Source: ESJO, 2008
Cytoreduction and HIPEC Treatment for Appendix Cancer and Pseudomyxoma Peritonei (pdf)
Source: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Prof VJ Verwaal, 2006
Articles by Dr Tristan Yan, Australia
Cost effectiveness of treatment with CRS and HIPEC
Source: Dr David L Morris, Dr Tristan Yan, Dec 2009
Morbidity and Mortality: Study of HIPEC and CRS for Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source: Annals of Surgery, Feb 2009, Dr David Morris, Dr Tristan Yan
Assessment of risk factors following CRS and chemotherapy
Source: Dr David L Morris, Dr Tristan Yan, 2009
Failure Analysis of Recurrent Disease Following CRS and IPC for Colorectal Cancer with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source: Dr Paul H Sugarbaker, Dr Tristan Yan, 2007
Treatment of Peritoneal Surface Malignancy
Source: Dr Paul H Sugarbaker, Dr Tristan Yan, Journal of Transistional Medicine, 2006
Articles by Dr H Zeh, USA
CRS and HIPEC for Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Colorectal Cancer Patient with Liver Metastasis: Study of 57 Patients
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008
CRS and HIPEC for Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology, 2008
CRS and HIPEC for Treatment of Colorectal Carcinomatosis
Source: Annals of Surgial Oncology, Nov 2008
Articles by Dr F Zoetmulder, Holland
Population Based Study of Appendiceal Neoplasms and Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Source: ESJO,
Laparoscopy: Minimally Invasive Staging and Surgery
Laparoscopy surgery includes the use of a thin, narrow, tube shaped instrument inserted into the abdominal wall. Laparoscopy may be used as a diagnostic tool, and has become a surgical option for specific patients, providing a less invasive (and less expensive) alternative to more extensive surgery. Recuperation from laparoscopy requires less hospitalization due to a faster recovery period, with less trauma and post op pain. The following articles and abstracts pertaining to mesothelioma, pseudomyxoma peritonei, gastric, liver, ovarian and pancreatic cancer are posted for your reference.
Laparoscopy for Oncological Surgery (this article provides a detailed explanation for patients)
Source: MDAnderson, Houston TX
Laparoscopic Mucin Removal of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Source: Dept of OB GYN, Kinko Univ, Osaka Japan, 2009
Minimally Invasive Laparoscopic Surgery
Source: Mercy Medical Center
Minimally Invasive Laparoscopic Surgery, Liver, Pancreas
Source: UCSD, Dr Andrew Lowy, 2009
Laparoscopic CRS and HIPEC Treatment for Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Source: Dr Jesus Esquivel, 2009
Laparoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies including Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Source: Memorial Sloan Kettering, NY
Laparoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Liver Cancer, Pancreas Cancer
Source: University of Southern California
Laparoscopic Staging for Gastric Cancer
Source: Dr Paul Mansfield, MDACC, Annals of Surgical Oncology, 2001
Laparoscopic Colon Resection
Source: UPMC Koch Cancer Treatment Center
Laparoscopic Surgery for Liver Cancer
Source: Dr David L Bartlett UPMC Koch Cancer Center
Laparoscopic Surgery for Whipple Procedure, Pancreatic
Source: USC Norris Cancer Center
Laparoscopic Surgery, Gastric and Esophageal Cancers
Source: Dr Charles Filipi, Creighton University
Laparoscopic restoration of the colon continuity after Hartmann procedure
Source: Pub Med 2009
Laparoscopic Management of Ovarian Cyst
Source: Springerlink:2008
Laparoscopic Management of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Source: Cleveland Clinic 1999
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Glossary
What do these words mean in my medical reports?
Appendectomy refers to the surgical removal of the appendix. Appendectomies may be performed via laparoscopy.
The appendix has been described as a "pouch-like tube", averaging ten centimeters, in length, and attached to the cecum.
Appendiceal carcinoid tumors represent approximately fifty per cent of all appendix tumor cases. Carcinoid tumors are usually less than two centimeters in size and rarely spred to lymph nodes. Appendiceal non-carcinoid tumors originate from the epithelial cells lining the inside of the appendix. These cells create tumors producing mucin (a gelatinous material defined as Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.) These tumor cells and mucin (Pseudomyxoma Peritonei) can accumulate (increase) gradually taking more space within the abdominal or peritoneal cavity. If these mucin producing cells spread outside the appendix and into the peritoneal or abdominal cavity, they can lead to fatal bowel obstruction, if left untreated.
Appendiceal adenocarcinoid tumors and goblet cell carcinomas are similar to both carcinoid and adenocarcinoma tumors of the appendix.
Argon beam coagulator ablation is a procedure in which tissue is destroyed by an electrical current passing through a stream of argon gas to the targeted tissue, and may be use to stop or reduce blood loss during surgery.
Ascites refers to the accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity and may occur for a variety of conditions including post operative inflammation or cancer.
Cachexia may include anorexia, weight loss, muscle atrophy, fatigue and is often a fatal condition.
The cecum is the first section of the large intestine or colon.
The CyberKnife® delivers beams of high dose radiation to tumors with precision, and is a non-invasive alternative to surgery for the treatment of tumors the liver and pancreas, as well as other regions/organs of the body.
Cytoreductive surgery, (CRS) refers to the removal of all visible tumors present throughout the peritoneal cavity. CRS is often used in conjunction with HIPEC chemotherapy treatment.
During cytoreductive surgery for the treatment of Pseudom oma Peritonei syndrome, mucinous tumors are removed. The removal of these tumors may possibly involve the resection or removal of other organs or tissues to which the tumors have become attached.
Cytoreductive surgery for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei treatment includes thorough removal or destruction of all visible tumors throughout the surfaces of the peritoneum. Surgery may include the removal of segments of small and large bowel, gall bladder, liver, omentum, ovaries, pancreas, spleen, stomach and uterus, when necessary.The degree, or extent of resection, depends on size and location of the tumors(s). Each patient is unique.
Cytoreductive surgery is a detailed procedure often requiring ten or more hours.
Tumors are removed and destroyed using a variety of surgical techniques including argon beam coagulator, electro-evaporation, laser, and ultrasonic dissection. Optimal results may be achieved with the surgeon's ability to remove all visible tumor, with minimal, if any, deposits of residual disease. Less residual tumor may result in a better the opportunity forHIPECto be effective.
The purpose of debulking surgery is to remove as much tumor as possible. Debulking may include the removal of the omentum and the right colon. For women, debulking will likely include a hysterectomy, if this was not previously performed. Adhesions may become more troublesome with additional debulking surgeries.
Gastrectomy refers to surgery in which all, or the portion of the stomach is removed. Following a gastrectomy, patients are often able to gradually re introduce solid foods back into their diet and can continue leading an active lifestyle.
Click here to view our NUTRITION link, including information of interest to gastrectomy patients.
Click here to view information about our Gastrectomy Pals' Resource Group
Hemicolectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of a portion of the colon next to the appendix. This procedure may also include the removal of nearby blood vessels and lymph nodes at the same time.
Hepatic artery embolization may be used to treat unresectable tumors.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, or HIPEC, is a procedure in which heated chemotherapy is circulated within the abdomen. The chemotherapy(ies) (most commonly Mitomycin C or Mitomycin C plus Oxaliplatin) are heated to 42°C or 107.6°F with the goal of killing any hidden tumor cells. The HIPEC treatment is applied directly following peritonectomy or cytoreductive surgery.
The HIPEC treatment provides surgeons with the ability to apply high doses of chemotherapy directly into the peritoneal cavity without significant toxicity to the remainder of the body. The effects of heat with regionally applied chemotherapy, may increase the efficacy of the treatment, with the goal of achieving a cure. Click here to review additional information about HIPEC
Hyperthermia refers to the high temperature administration of chemotherapy agents. The heating of chemotherapy increases the penetration of into tissues and may be used to damage and destroy cancer cells.
Interperitoneal infusion: see peritoneal perfusion, below.
The intraoperative period takes place in the operating room. During this period the patient is monitored, anesthetized, prepped, and surgery performed.
Kras genes: see Ras genes below
Laparotomy is the surgical procedure used to open and explore the abdomen and its contents, including the liver, pancreas, stomach, colon, etc. Click here to read a description for Laparotomy (source NIH)
Laparoscopic surgery may be used as a diagnostic tool, and has become a less invasive surgical option for specific patients. (Scroll below* for reference articles)
Malignant: cancer
A mucocele is a cystic mass resulting from a dilated appendiceal lumen caused by the abnormal accumulation of mucus.
A neoplasm is abnormal tissue that grows by cellular proliferation more rapidly than normal.It continues to grow after the stimuli that initiated the new growth ceases. Neoplasms show partial or complete lack of structural organization and functional coordination with normal tissue, and usually form a distinct mass of tissue that may be either benign (benign tumor) or malignant (cancer).
Ostomies: some patients require a temporary or permanent ostomy to assist them during recuperation.
The two most common ostomies are Colostomies and Ileostomies.
Colostomies are created from the colon or large intestine. The "stoma" or opening from the colostomy produces a solid, more formed stool, and generally requires less care than an ileostomy.
Ileostomies are created from the small intestine. The output from a stoma close to the small intestine is liquid.
The PMP Pals' Network provides many helpful resources, including a specific "Ostomy Pals' Resource Group" and Pal Mentorsto assist you with your ostomy! Click here to read sources of ostomy supplies and resources
PACU: when the surgery has been completed the patient is transfered to the Postanesthesia Care Unit,
or PACU, for intensive post operative monitoring.
Paracentesis is a procedure to drain/remove fluid acites from the abdomen.
Paracolic gutter(s): space(s) between colon and abdominal wall
Perioperative care refers to care provided immediately before, during and after surgery.
Peristalsis is the contraction and relaxation of muscles in the intestine that move or propel contents through the digestive system.
Peritoneal carcinomatosis requires specialized treatment, generally including detailed CRS and HIPEC
The peritioneal cavity of a healthy adult includes approximately 100 ml. of pale colored, clear fluid. This fluid includes water, proteins, electrolytes and a variety of cell types.
Peritoneal infusion is a method of infusing or delivering fluids, chemotherapy, or other medications into the abdominal cavity.
Peritoneal surface malignancy describes metastasis to the peritoneal surfaces originating from the appendix, colon, ovaries, etc spreading throughout the abdominal cavity. Mesothelioma is also a peritoneal surface malignancy.
The treatment of peritoneal surface malignancies generally includes cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and HIPEC, and may also include systemic chemotherapy.If left untreated,ascites, mucin, nodules and tumors, may increase in size and quantity, eventually causing intestinal obstruction.
Peritonectomy refers to stripping the parietal peritoneum and resecting structures at the sites that contain adenomucinosis. A combination of surgical techniques are utilized including organ resection, when necessary and tumor destruction via electro-evaporation and argon beam coagulation.
The peritoneum is the transparent serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen.
Tumor developing from the peritoneum, may be referred to as Primary Peritoneal Surface Malignancy
Prescription abbreviations (Latin to English)
A protocol is a specific detailed plan for a course of medical treatment, procedure, test or research trial.
Due to several factors, radiation has not been an effective form of treatment for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei syndrome.
Radiofrequency ablation destroys tumors through the placement of a thin electrode directly into the tumor. Current passing through the electrode heats the tumor to destroy it.
Ras genes include Kras, Hras, and Nras. This family of genes may cause cancer when they mutate. Ras genes produce proteins involved in cell growth and death.
Research for the treatment of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei, Appendix Cancer, Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Systemic chemotherapy targets cancer cells throughout the body and is delivered throughout the bloodstream.
Side effects of chemotherapy vary among individual patients and type(s) of chemotherapy(ies) administered, and may include anorexia (loss of appetite) fatigue, risk of infection, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Watchful waiting: the treatment process may also include periodic monitoring, commonly referred to as "watch and wait." Monitoring may include periodic diagnostic scans, laboratory tests and detection of physical symptoms.
The Whipple procedure, or Pancreatoduodenectomy, includes the removal of the head of the pancreas, most of the duodenum, part of the bile duct and may include a part of the stomach.
Click here to read extensive glossary terms via the MDACC website.
Survivorship
Recommended Reading
The Survivors' Club
Source: Ben Sherwood, author
What Causes Cancer?
Organic Foods May Reduce Cancer Risks
Source: President's Council and PRN, May 2010
Chemical Exposures and Cancer Risks
Source: President's Council per LA Times, May 2010
Cancer and Your Environment
Source: Dept of Health, Illinois
Risk Factors for Cancer
Source: Merck
Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer
Source, ACS, Feb 2010
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Research, International
Review an extensive series of research articles by the world's most renowned specialists in this field:
Study of 523 Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Cases: CRS and IPC
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology,2010
Management of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Gastrointestinal Malignancies:
Research from 3rd International Symposium on Peritioneal Carcinomatosis, June 2008
Source: Prof Pompiliu Piso and Colleagues
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source:PMP Pals' Network
Research from Third International Symposium on Peritioneal Carcinomatosis, June 2008
Source: Prof Pompiliu Piso and Colleagues
Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix
Q&A: What is Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix?
Q&A: What is the treatment for Mucinous Adenocarcinoma?
Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix is among the most common diagnoses under the "umbrella description" of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.
The diagnosis of Peritoneal Mucinous Carcinomatosis indicates the presence of mucin accompanied by abundant malignant epithelium, high-grade atypia (Ronnett et al, 1995). Mucinous Carcinomatosis indicates a more challenging prognosis relative to the more common pattern of Disseminated Peritoneal Adenomucinosis aka DPAM.
Approximately 20% of appendix cancer cases are categorized as Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma. This type of tumor produces mucin that eventually fills the abdominal cavity causing distension, bloating, pain, shortness of breath and interference with digestive and bowel function.
Refer to our DIAGNOSTICS page for detailed information describing laboratory and imaging testing.
The PMP Pals' Network hosts theMucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix Pals' Resource Group, comprised of patients from all over the world, who share this diagnosis.
If you are a patient, review a copy of your written pathology report and check the "final paragraph" description for the term "Mucinous Adenocarcinoma" or ask your physician to review your pathology report with you. Each patient should be given a copy of his or her own written pathology report.
View "Pal Profiles" and photos of patients living successfully following the diagnosis of Mucinous Adenocarcinoma.
Subscribing members of the PMP Pals' Network programs are welcome to participate in the Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix Resource Group.
Pancreatic Cancer and Pancreas Transplants
Whipple procedure surgery for pancreatic cancer
Source: USC, Dept of Surgery
Baylor Transplant Program
Source: Baylor Hospital
Peritoneal Surface Malignancy
Q&A: Why is Pseudomyxoma Peritonei a Peritoneal Surface Malignancy?
Q&A: What is Peritoneal Surface Malignancy?
Q&A: How are Peritoneal Surface Malignancies treated?
"Peritoneal surface malignancy" describes various tumors that line the peritoneum (the membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen.) This diagnosis may include extensive peritoneal involvement and may also include organs within the peritoneum. These tumors may originate with the appendix, colon, ovaries, rectum, stomach, etc.,and spread by lining the peritoneal surface of the abdominal cavity and organs. Peritoneal surface malignancies can also originate in the peritoneal lining, ie mesothelioma or primary peritoneal cancer.
This condition is typically treated with CRS (cytoreductive surgery) in conjunction with HIPEC (intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy.)
Peritoneal Surface Malignancy Conferences
Signet Ring Cell
The diagnosis of Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Appendix can be the most challenging listed under the broad description of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.
Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma is a rare diagnosis and may be considered to be more aggressive and therefore more challenging to treat. Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma can develop in the appendix, colon or stomach.
If you have been diagnosed with Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma originating with Appendix Cancer, consult with your specialist regarding the most thorough treatment plan for your particular diagnosis.
Refer to our diagnostics page for detailed information describing laboratory and imaging testing.
Here is a selection of articles regarding the diagnosis of Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma:
Characteristics in Primary Signet-ring Cell Carcinoma of the Colorectum, from Clinicopathological Observations
Source:Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology
Signet Ring Cell Characteristics
Distinct K-ras Mutation Pattern Characterizes Signet Ring Cell Colorectal Carcinoma:clinical data and references
Source: Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Intraepithelial Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Arising in Villous Adenoma with High Grade Dysplasia
Source:University Pathologists - a division of univ. Medical Group in Providence, RI
Signet Ring Cell Publications
Signet Ring Cell Slides
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Stomach Articles
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Stomach
Signet Ring Cell Stomach Cancer
Signet Ring Cell
Diagnosis may be suspected based on physical symptoms, CT scans, and tumor marker tests. However, the actual diagnosis is confirmed by pathologists after examination of actual tissue and/or mucin or fluid samples.
For more information about the treatment of Signet Cell Carcinomas, please visit ourChemotherapy web page.
Click here to request a Signet Ring Cell Pal Mentor!
Adenocarcinoma of the Colon
HIV Associated with Adenocarcinoma of the Colon
Source: Clinical Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal Cancer Care
Surgical Treatment of Metastasis to the Liver
Source: USC Norris
Dr Cathy Eng, Oncologist, MD Anderson, Houston TX
Source: MD Anderson
Statisques sur le cancer colorectal
Colorectal cancer statistic in Canada
It is estimated that 22,000 Canadians were diagnosed with colorectal cancer in 2009
Source: Societe Canadienne du Cancer
Diet and Nutrition
Read how: Pseudomyxoma Peritonei patients may have special nutritional needs including malabsorption.
Read about: We provide articles, books and general information about pre and post treatment nutrition
Hereditary or Familial Cancers
Hereditary Cancers including gastric and colon cancers
Source: Creighton University
Hereditary Cancer Genes
Source: Creighton University
Hereditary Cancers including colorectal cancers
Source: MD Anderson
Hereditary Cancers including colorectal cancers: testing, genetics and more
Source: Memorial Sloan Ketting
Genetic Screening Program
Source: Wake Forest University
Researchers Find Genetic Causes of Kidney Cancer
Source: Mayo Clinic, Plos One, May 2010
Special Needs
Some Pseudomyxoma Peritonei and Appendix cancer patients have special needs, including anemia, fistulas, gastrectomies, ostomies, etc.
Click here for detailed information for patients, and their familes with special needs.
Click here for resources for family caregivers, including advocacy, nursing home reform, etc
Articles of Interest, General
Does Inflammation Cause Cancer?
Source: Cure Magazine Fall 2009
FAQs from Patients and their Families: More than 155 articles of interest
Source: PMP Pals' Network
Cancer Care in Holland
A Dutch PMP Pal explains his experience with appendix cancer treatment in Holland
Source: PMP Pals' Network
Cancer Free
Click here to read articles about our "Pals" who are now cancer free!
Caregiving
Are you a caregiver for a loved one diagnosed with Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?
We provide many helpful resources on our CAREGIVING page!
Health Insurance
Click here to obtain Cancer Health Insurance Resources
What are your options for health insurance coverage?
Health Insurance Appeals for Denials
How to Appeal a Denial from your Health Insurance Provider (including denials for HIPEC treatment)
Infection Prevention for Cancer Patients
Is your hospital following hand washing guidelines for infection prevention?
Managing Your Personal Health Records
Prepare Your Medical Resume
Source: PMP Pals' Network
Minerva Software: Health records management system
Definitions of Medical Descriptions
Are you confused about descriptions in your medical reports?
We provide definitions of commonly used terminology pertaining to appendix cancer.
Read about Paracolic gutter(s): space(s) between colon and abdominal wall
Read about Low density foci (liver): generally a benign cyst or tumor
Read about Lymphadenopathy: enlargement of lymph nodes due to infection, inflammation, or cancer
Families Coping with Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Read how this couple balances chemotherapy while raising their teen son!
This disease free dad tells how he beat "PMP" five years ago!
Click to request Pal Mentors who are raising young families while undergoing cancer treatment
Pseudomxyoma Peritonei in Animals
Intestinal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma with Pseudomyxoma Peritonei in a Dog
Source: Journal of the American Animal Hospital Assoc, 2003
Mucinous Adenocarinoma with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in a Lion
Source: Springerlink, 2007
Successful Cancer Survivorship!
Where can I meet other patients who are living well with this disease?
How can I talk directly with other patients and their families?
The overwhelming majority of participants in the PMP Pals' Network are living productive and fulfilling lives following their diagnosis of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei!
We invite you to communicate with us directly, via telephone, email and personal visits.
We share our resources so that we may help you, or your loved one, in locating an experienced specialist, preparing for and/or recuperating from treatment, and then, moving forward with your life!
Connect with successful cancer survivors!
Our DISEASE FREE Pals around the world who will be happy to you!
Coping with Cancer
Click here to visit our Coping with Cancer page!
Click here to view video of "Coping with Cancer" featuring Dr. Larry Lachman & Gabriella Graham
Source: Dr Larry Lachman 2010 and 2001
Click here to view Photos of "PMP Pals" leading active and fulfilling lives!
Click here to read articles about our cancer free "Pals!"
Click here to request to be linked with a Pal Mentor today!
Click here to become a subscribing member of the PMP Pals' Network!
Post Cancer Treatment (After Treatment is Completed)
Click here to read about Post Op Nutrition
Post Treatment Plan for Cancer Survivors
Source: Journey Forward
Recommended Reading List
Colon and Rectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide for Patients and Families
Author: Lorraine Johnston
This book is a helpful addition to the library of any colorectal or gastrointestinal cancer patient.
Among the practical topics addressed are:
Managing your Finances, Insurance, and Employment During Medical Treatment
Tips for Communicating with Medical Personnel
Sexuality and Intimacy
Stress and the Immune System
Traveling Long Distance for Medical Care
Staging System Equivalents and, much more!
Educate yourself, and your loved ones with this informative book!
The Survivors' Club
Source: Ben Sherwood, author
What Causes Cancer?
Organic Foods May Reduce Cancer Risks
Source: President's Council and PRN, May 2010
Chemical Exposures and Cancer Risks
Source: President's Council per LA Times, May 2010
Cancer and Your Environment
Source: Dept of Health, Illinois
Risk Factors for Cancer
Source: Merck
Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer
Source, ACS, Feb 2010
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Research, International
Review an extensive series of research articles by the world's most renowned specialists in this field:
Study of 523 Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Cases: CRS and IPC
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology,2010
Management of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Gastrointestinal Malignancies:
Research from 3rd International Symposium on Peritioneal Carcinomatosis, June 2008
Source: Prof Pompiliu Piso and Colleagues
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Source:PMP Pals' Network
Research from Third International Symposium on Peritioneal Carcinomatosis, June 2008
Source: Prof Pompiliu Piso and Colleagues
Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix
Q&A: What is Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix?
Q&A: What is the treatment for Mucinous Adenocarcinoma?
Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix is among the most common diagnoses under the "umbrella description" of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.
The diagnosis of Peritoneal Mucinous Carcinomatosis indicates the presence of mucin accompanied by abundant malignant epithelium, high-grade atypia (Ronnett et al, 1995). Mucinous Carcinomatosis indicates a more challenging prognosis relative to the more common pattern of Disseminated Peritoneal Adenomucinosis aka DPAM.
Approximately 20% of appendix cancer cases are categorized as Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma. This type of tumor produces mucin that eventually fills the abdominal cavity causing distension, bloating, pain, shortness of breath and interference with digestive and bowel function.
Refer to our DIAGNOSTICS page for detailed information describing laboratory and imaging testing.
The PMP Pals' Network hosts theMucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix Pals' Resource Group, comprised of patients from all over the world, who share this diagnosis.
If you are a patient, review a copy of your written pathology report and check the "final paragraph" description for the term "Mucinous Adenocarcinoma" or ask your physician to review your pathology report with you. Each patient should be given a copy of his or her own written pathology report.
View "Pal Profiles" and photos of patients living successfully following the diagnosis of Mucinous Adenocarcinoma.
Subscribing members of the PMP Pals' Network programs are welcome to participate in the Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix Resource Group.
Pancreatic Cancer and Pancreas Transplants
Whipple procedure surgery for pancreatic cancer
Source: USC, Dept of Surgery
Baylor Transplant Program
Source: Baylor Hospital
Peritoneal Surface Malignancy
Q&A: Why is Pseudomyxoma Peritonei a Peritoneal Surface Malignancy?
Q&A: What is Peritoneal Surface Malignancy?
Q&A: How are Peritoneal Surface Malignancies treated?
"Peritoneal surface malignancy" describes various tumors that line the peritoneum (the membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen.) This diagnosis may include extensive peritoneal involvement and may also include organs within the peritoneum. These tumors may originate with the appendix, colon, ovaries, rectum, stomach, etc.,and spread by lining the peritoneal surface of the abdominal cavity and organs. Peritoneal surface malignancies can also originate in the peritoneal lining, ie mesothelioma or primary peritoneal cancer.
This condition is typically treated with CRS (cytoreductive surgery) in conjunction with HIPEC (intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy.)
Peritoneal Surface Malignancy Conferences
Signet Ring Cell
The diagnosis of Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Appendix can be the most challenging listed under the broad description of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.
Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma is a rare diagnosis and may be considered to be more aggressive and therefore more challenging to treat. Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma can develop in the appendix, colon or stomach.
If you have been diagnosed with Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma originating with Appendix Cancer, consult with your specialist regarding the most thorough treatment plan for your particular diagnosis.
Refer to our diagnostics page for detailed information describing laboratory and imaging testing.
Here is a selection of articles regarding the diagnosis of Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma:
Characteristics in Primary Signet-ring Cell Carcinoma of the Colorectum, from Clinicopathological Observations
Source:Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology
Signet Ring Cell Characteristics
Distinct K-ras Mutation Pattern Characterizes Signet Ring Cell Colorectal Carcinoma:clinical data and references
Source: Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Intraepithelial Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Arising in Villous Adenoma with High Grade Dysplasia
Source:University Pathologists - a division of univ. Medical Group in Providence, RI
Signet Ring Cell Publications
Signet Ring Cell Slides
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Stomach Articles
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Stomach
Signet Ring Cell Stomach Cancer
Signet Ring Cell
Diagnosis may be suspected based on physical symptoms, CT scans, and tumor marker tests. However, the actual diagnosis is confirmed by pathologists after examination of actual tissue and/or mucin or fluid samples.
For more information about the treatment of Signet Cell Carcinomas, please visit ourChemotherapy web page.
Click here to request a Signet Ring Cell Pal Mentor!
Adenocarcinoma of the Colon
HIV Associated with Adenocarcinoma of the Colon
Source: Clinical Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal Cancer Care
Surgical Treatment of Metastasis to the Liver
Source: USC Norris
Dr Cathy Eng, Oncologist, MD Anderson, Houston TX
Source: MD Anderson
Statisques sur le cancer colorectal
Colorectal cancer statistic in Canada
It is estimated that 22,000 Canadians were diagnosed with colorectal cancer in 2009
Source: Societe Canadienne du Cancer
Diet and Nutrition
Read how: Pseudomyxoma Peritonei patients may have special nutritional needs including malabsorption.
Read about: We provide articles, books and general information about pre and post treatment nutrition
Hereditary or Familial Cancers
Hereditary Cancers including gastric and colon cancers
Source: Creighton University
Hereditary Cancer Genes
Source: Creighton University
Hereditary Cancers including colorectal cancers
Source: MD Anderson
Hereditary Cancers including colorectal cancers: testing, genetics and more
Source: Memorial Sloan Ketting
Genetic Screening Program
Source: Wake Forest University
Researchers Find Genetic Causes of Kidney Cancer
Source: Mayo Clinic, Plos One, May 2010
Special Needs
Some Pseudomyxoma Peritonei and Appendix cancer patients have special needs, including anemia, fistulas, gastrectomies, ostomies, etc.
Click here for detailed information for patients, and their familes with special needs.
Click here for resources for family caregivers, including advocacy, nursing home reform, etc
Articles of Interest, General
Does Inflammation Cause Cancer?
Source: Cure Magazine Fall 2009
FAQs from Patients and their Families: More than 155 articles of interest
Source: PMP Pals' Network
Cancer Care in Holland
A Dutch PMP Pal explains his experience with appendix cancer treatment in Holland
Source: PMP Pals' Network
Cancer Free
Click here to read articles about our "Pals" who are now cancer free!
Caregiving
Are you a caregiver for a loved one diagnosed with Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?
We provide many helpful resources on our CAREGIVING page!
Health Insurance
Click here to obtain Cancer Health Insurance Resources
What are your options for health insurance coverage?
Health Insurance Appeals for Denials
How to Appeal a Denial from your Health Insurance Provider (including denials for HIPEC treatment)
Infection Prevention for Cancer Patients
Is your hospital following hand washing guidelines for infection prevention?
Managing Your Personal Health Records
Prepare Your Medical Resume
Source: PMP Pals' Network
Minerva Software: Health records management system
Definitions of Medical Descriptions
Are you confused about descriptions in your medical reports?
We provide definitions of commonly used terminology pertaining to appendix cancer.
Read about Paracolic gutter(s): space(s) between colon and abdominal wall
Read about Low density foci (liver): generally a benign cyst or tumor
Read about Lymphadenopathy: enlargement of lymph nodes due to infection, inflammation, or cancer
Families Coping with Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Read how this couple balances chemotherapy while raising their teen son!
This disease free dad tells how he beat "PMP" five years ago!
Click to request Pal Mentors who are raising young families while undergoing cancer treatment
Pseudomxyoma Peritonei in Animals
Intestinal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma with Pseudomyxoma Peritonei in a Dog
Source: Journal of the American Animal Hospital Assoc, 2003
Mucinous Adenocarinoma with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in a Lion
Source: Springerlink, 2007
Successful Cancer Survivorship!
Where can I meet other patients who are living well with this disease?
How can I talk directly with other patients and their families?
The overwhelming majority of participants in the PMP Pals' Network are living productive and fulfilling lives following their diagnosis of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei!
We invite you to communicate with us directly, via telephone, email and personal visits.
We share our resources so that we may help you, or your loved one, in locating an experienced specialist, preparing for and/or recuperating from treatment, and then, moving forward with your life!
Connect with successful cancer survivors!
Our DISEASE FREE Pals around the world who will be happy to you!
Coping with Cancer
Click here to visit our Coping with Cancer page!
Click here to view video of "Coping with Cancer" featuring Dr. Larry Lachman & Gabriella Graham
Source: Dr Larry Lachman 2010 and 2001
Click here to view Photos of "PMP Pals" leading active and fulfilling lives!
Click here to read articles about our cancer free "Pals!"
Click here to request to be linked with a Pal Mentor today!
Click here to become a subscribing member of the PMP Pals' Network!
Post Cancer Treatment (After Treatment is Completed)
Click here to read about Post Op Nutrition
Post Treatment Plan for Cancer Survivors
Source: Journey Forward
Recommended Reading List
Colon and Rectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide for Patients and Families
Author: Lorraine Johnston
This book is a helpful addition to the library of any colorectal or gastrointestinal cancer patient.
Among the practical topics addressed are:
Managing your Finances, Insurance, and Employment During Medical Treatment
Tips for Communicating with Medical Personnel
Sexuality and Intimacy
Stress and the Immune System
Traveling Long Distance for Medical Care
Staging System Equivalents and, much more!
Educate yourself, and your loved ones with this informative book!
Recommended Reading
DOE Designates Pseudomyxoma Peritonei as a Radiogenic Cancer
PMP Pal Patient Wins $150,000+ from DOE due to Nuclear Exposure
An American, who joined the PMP Pals' Network in 1998, while receiving treatment for Appendix Cancer with Pseudomyxoma Peritonei, was recently compensated for more than $150,000, as well as coverage for all future cancer related medical care, under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program (EEOICPA) administered by the U.S. Department of Labor.
Although this "Pal" was employed by the Department of Energy during the 1960's, he only recently became aware of the benefits available to him. He wants other current and former DOE employees to be aware of their opportunities to file claims, and to receive compensation, as he recently has.
After reviewing his claim, the Department of Labor informed this PMP Pal of the following:
"Your claim has been accepted for the following covered illness: Pseudomyxoma Peritonei, ICD-9 code 153.9"
The EEOICPA provides cash compensation and medical benefits to employees who became ill as a result of working in the atomic weapons industry.
This compensation benefit program covers atomic weapons industry workers and their survivors.
Workers who developed certain illnesses as a result of work performed in the production and testing of nuclear weapons while they were employees of the Department of Energy (DOE), its predecessor agencies, or its contractors or subcontractors are eligible for benefits.
Employees of designated (Atomic Weapons Employers AWE) and Beryllium vendors are also eligible for compensation.
There are two different benefit programs -- Part B and Part E. In some cases, benefits may be available from both programs.
Part B covers current or former workers who have been diagnosed with cancers, beryllium diseases or silicosis, whose illness(es) was caused by exposure to radiation, beryllium or silica while working directly for DOE, DOE contractors or subcontractors, a designated AWE or Beryllium vendor.
Part E provides coverage to DOE contractor and subcontractor employees who developed any illness, including cancer, beryllium disease, and silicosis, as a result of occupational exposure to any toxic substances at a covered DOE facility.
Section 5 (Uranium miners, millers and ore transporters, or their eligible survivors) and certain Section 4 (Radiation Exposure Compensation Act or RECA) individuals may be eligible for benefits under the EEOICPA under both Part B and E.
If you are found eligible, your claim, will be paid for medical expenses from the date of the claim (not prior expenses) and you may be eligible for $150,000 - $250,000 in compensation, or more, plus compensation for impairment.
Compensation is based on whether you were employed in connection with DOE programs during the coverage period, and at facilities determined to be covered facilities, by the DOE.
The program is very specific as to coverage. To be eligible, an individual must have worked in particular facilities during a specific period of time engaged in certain DOE-related activities.
Our "Pal" who was awarded the benefits tells PMP Pals,
"It is well worth your time to contact the Department of Labor, obtain an information packet, and follow through with the appropriate steps required to determine whether you may be eligible."
There are eleven Department of Labor Resource Centers throughout the United States that provide information about the program and determine eligibility for compensation.
Resource Center locations where patients may apply for DOE benefits, are posted on our Pseudomyxoma Peritonei page at www.pmppals.org under "Radiogenic Cancers."
Is Pseudomyxoma Peritonei a Radiogenic Cancer?
What is a radiogenic cancer?
Selection of Radiogenic Cancers for Compensation
Source: American Journal of Public Health, 1987
What is the EEOICP?
The EEOICP is the (U.S.) Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program
Who can apply for compensation from the EEOICP?
Patients and their survivors may apply for compensation benefits.
Qualifications for Adult Survivors
Source: US Dept of Labor 2005
DOE Resource Centers to Apply for Benefits
DOE, 2010
DOE Report on Radiogenic Cancers
DOE, 2005
DOE Occupational Illness Compensation
DOE, 2010
Mission Statement of the PMP Pals' Network
Government Disability Benefits for PMP Patients
Q&A: How can I apply for disability benefits during treatment and recuperation?
Click here to find disability payment resources for patients in Australia, Canada and the United States
We have HOPE for YOU!
PMP Survivors!
Stay informed about PMP!
This web page is sponsored by the family of Jon Bogdanoff, USA.
Visitors to www.pmppals.org are encouraged to discuss publications and information contained herein with their licensed, professional healthcare providers. The information provided on www.pmppals.org is not intended as a replacement for licensed, professional medical or legal advice.
Please respect your fellow patients and caregivers by not copying or cutting and pasting any pages from this website onto yours.
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Copyright 2012 by PMP Pals' Network/All rights reserved.
Updated 01.24.12
